Michel Caza: What you say is impossible, I do it every day in my company

When did you first hold a screen-printing squeegee?
Over 63 years ago, in May 1955 (I was 20 years old). As I recount in my book, a student job at BMJ, a famous and technically advanced workshop in the very centre of Stockholm, Sweden.                                   

When did you realise that you’d found a job that would become a life long passion?
After these nights of "casual" work, I found that screen printing was much more fun and interesting than the psycho-sociology that I was supposed to study at university and I asked to be hired full-time in November 1955 and since then, I have not stopped screen printing.

What pearls of wisdom would you offer to the younger members of our community looking to establish their future in print?
So, offering "pearls of wisdom" is not really my thing!
On the contrary, I would say: "Don’t be too wise, try everything, do stupid things and make mistakes, but ... DARE!

Especially never listen to people who tell you with a bunch of "facts", "it's impossible".... A very big part of what I've tried, done, searched for, found is "impossible" for a bunch of very competent specialists at my suppliers over the years! UV screen printing or digital ... impossible. UV ceramic ... impossible, screen print 300 LPI...impossible, print halftone without dots or now in stochastic 15 microns...impossible, print in aqueous UV in 300 LPI on cotton...impossible, make an ink "thixotropic"...impossible, limit the dimensional changes related to the IR heat emitted by UV lamps ...impossible, create ICC profiles for screen printing...impossible, start using digital in screen printing prepress (since 1988 for me)...impossible, etc.

All these examples and others in the improvement of squeegees, machines, fabrics, frames and their tension, replace the "length of time" for exposing the screen by "measured doses of light", and heaps "of special effects".

I always said: "what you say is impossible, I do it every day in my company". At one time I even became the specialist in "5-legged sheep"!

What has motivated you to solve challenges where others may have just changed direction?
Maybe my ego! and especially what I just told you about "the impossible".
My way of doing "technically" was and still is "doing things" and then explaining why it works: practice first, theory afterwards.

Whilst it is known that you prefer not to judge the artistic value of the work you print were there any projects that made you particularly happy?
In art, I do not judge "artistic quality" or "style" ... I simply say "I like, or I like less (or not at all)" and this can be in any existing artistic style ... So there are lots of works of art, of course, but also in advertising, POP prints, ceramics, the electronics industry or the glass industry, whose success has made me happy. Impossible to choose one!

In 55 years in print, you must have had a  bad day or two. What has been the cause of your greatest frustration?
Of course! But as always for me, these disappointments or problems helped me to "bounce back" with more experience. In 1968, the student and worker’s revolution and its consequences killed my first company, so I created a new one (more of this in my book). In 1978, I was a little fed up with the pressure of the management of a company and its constraints. I wanted to do only technical research and R&D, however a large order for art prints happened, that "forced" me to return to screen printing in art first, and then once more in advertising.

Do you feel that environmental responsibility is a pre-requisite for any company trading or a luxury to be enforced by the government?
I started to improve by refusing to use solvents, and this led to developing UV curing screen inks. To be perfectly honest, at the time in 1976, I still saw above all the enormous technical advantages of UV screen printing rather than a focus on environmental progress.

Then, in 2001, I became more involved in supporting the protection of printers’ health and the environment by writing ‘Screenprinting a guide for a clean planet’. It was translated into English in 2006 and went on to become the ‘Fespa Planet Friendly Guide’ in 2008 following my collaboration with Paul Machin and extended to cover digital printing. We have been updating regularly for ten years and now Fespa will develop a new revision in 2019.

So, for me, it's obvious, an absolute necessity and above all, not a luxury! In addition, as more customers and end users are looking at sustainable supply chain management it is an essential component of your business plan.

I noticed in your book that one project required the application of pubic hair to embellish some prints! What other unusual materials have you worked with?
Apart from the fact that in the amusing case of this print, embellished, by the artist himself with donkey hair to mimic pubic hair, I actually happened to use a number of unconventional products in addition to the pure screen printing. These have include dust, coal grains, sand, gravel, gold leaf, and I’m certain other products that I’ve forgotten.

You are credited with the commercialisation of UV Curing inks and super-fine halftone screen rulings. Do you wish to comment on these and are there any other achievements that may have been overlooked?
As I have already mentioned previously, regularly doing the ‘impossible’ has become standard. I have been involved in writing articles and presenting at conferences around the world to explain these technical improvements for many years, but also have contributed to their development and invention.

As I often explain, many of these inventions, findings or improvements have been made through collaboration with others. An exception to this is halftoning without visible dots, the ultra-fine screen ruling and the related ICC profiling (prior to the term existing) for which there was no help for me at the beginning, in this, I worked alone.

I worked with Jacques Mounier and Jean-Pierre Vivès at Dubuit inks in France to develop thixotropic UV inks. Then with SS Thal (which became Sefar) in Switzerland, to develop coloured screen mesh and beyond to ‘calendered’ mesh for UV. I also worked with Don Newman in the US to improve the Newman Roller-frame known for its ability to re-tension screen mesh to achieve very high tension.

Though my long career I’ve supported the improvement of automatic presses, working with Åke Svantesson at Svecia in Sweden and especially with Umberto Brasa of SiasPrint in Italy for its screen presses and for the first UV digital press.  I was involved in the development of UV glazes for ceramics and glass with the Jonson-Mattey company.

Alex Zuckerman of Fimor and I created more stable high-performance squeegees that are still respected and widely used in demanding applications. Almost finally, but as I’m not finished not finally I helped in the process of ‘cooling’ of the UV inks after passing under the lamps in the curing unit from Machines Dubuit then with Siasprint.

I have always thought and prompted machine and product manufacturers to understand that it was up to us, the printers, to tell them what we need and not them to impose on us things they consider ‘good for us’!

I am interested to understand whether you think it better to choose a 90lpi over a 120lpi AM screen if it will allow you to control TVI (Tonal Value Increase) better on the press?
In my view, both are bad! It would be better to choose between 100 and 125 LPI. That said, it's absolutely not a problem for me! I control these screen rulings as well as 150, 175, 200 or 300 lpi AM. To be quite honest, I do not see a problem.
Regarding the number of lpi, I never use inch-derived lineature like 90 or 133 lpi, but always multiples of 25 that better match the number of threads of screen fabrics always woven in centimetre, among others to help to solve problems of primary moiré.

Michel Caza (l)  presents Graeme Richardson-Locke with a limited edition serigraph for Fespa’s collection

As a founding father of Fespa and former President do you feel that the federation is still as relevant as it was before YouTube and the Internet disrupted business networking?
I think Fespa faces challenges to grow its influence and keep building on its success, but in my view, it has nothing to do with the advent of the internet or YouTube. Fespa uses these channels but is still realising full engagement with its member associations. The strength will come from greater business advisory, technical and market intelligence content online in an always accessible ‘Fespa Cloud’ like the current extranet. This would widen the scope and reach of Fespa and improve its reputation with its members' associations - and in turn, the members of the national associations.

In addition, it could strengthen the bonds with exhibitors of its exhibitions and their visitors-clients, not necessarily members of associations Fespa.

As Fespa implements its strategy to lead and extend its value, it will have to continue working hard to develop its links to tangental markets who are newer to the disruptive benefits of roll-to-roll digital imaging such as interior and exterior decoration and textile. As a counterpoint screen printing is enjoying growth in garment decoration and industrial applications. All sectors are relevant to Fespa and developing fast across these imaging technologies.

Fespa would also benefit from promoting the huge array of applications both creative and functional that fall with its member talent pool and I trust that the team will defend the decades of work that have taken place to establish Fespa’s reputation and carry it forward to meet the challenges ahead.   

I have seen inkjet printing develop from the early days of Encad water-based dye printers for simple poster production to today's vast deployment from small UV curing machines to print pens, to the latest emerging single pass presses for packaging and textiles. I trained as a screen printer and then added digital printing to my skill set, I feel that there are many opportunities to combine the processes. Where do you see the benefits in this multi-process industry?
I am completely in favour, on the one hand, of what are called hybrid applications or the combination of offset, screen printing and digital printing. On the other hand, the application of each process in what it does best can be absolutely awesome!

In 1995, the year I became president of Fespa, everyone was concerned, in our ‘screen world’, that these new inkjet processes, ‘non-contact’ (this is how we described digital printing at the time) threatened our existence.

I then wrote and said at a conference that was famous at the time: "screen printing and digital are not enemies, but complementary”. If you consider that digital is the enemy of screen printing, INVEST in it because it is better to keep your enemy close than ignore it and let a competitor thrive on the other side of town!".

What happened, quickly was that 50% of digital printing was in the hands of companies whose core business was screen printing and POP. Some have ended up dropping screen printing to focus on digital alone. But I predicted they may come to revise this plan in less than 25 years. And this is indeed the case, the "thresholds of competition" lowered as screen printing improved its prepress, the efficiency of its work-flow and its mastery of "special effects".

Screenprinters put back into action UV press four colours large format ... and digital printers have harnessed the benefits by installing some screen printers even if they are twenty years old or more!

If you consider the international picture, huge numbers of SME screen printers in India, China or Indonesia for example, and not even taking into account the potential of Africa, are not planning to replace screen printing with digital for a lot of reasons that it would be too long to expand here.

One challenge that our industry faces is how to make a new generation of designers aware of the excitement that interactive print can generate. Having printed everything from fragrance ink to reflective glass beads to react to smartphone flashes my experience has been that many designers aren’t aware of the awesome things that screen print can add to their projects. What do you think we can do to change this situation?
Here is an opportunity for Fespa to offer information to compliment it’s Sensations special effects binder, after all, we need designers and printers to understand the creative potential to make it work.  

This is not a new problem! Throughout my career, I have heard so many screen printers from all over the world complaining about the lack of knowledge in the design community of the immense possibilities of these processes.

So a lack of awareness about the methods to combine different processes within the same image is even more of an issue, with some notable exceptions of course.

For now, creative printers are addressing this problem by providing their customers with exciting process combinations to create highly effective campaigns. There are some exciting examples, such as Indian offset printers who are opening screenprinting departments in their businesses and installing, high-speed cylinder screen printing presses with UV curing and all the screen making equipment that goes with it.

Their goal is to offer customers, especially in packaging, special effects that, in the very Indian culture of golds and "bling" effects can improve their sales by raising the products visibility! But, it is also true that many graphic designers and other creatives in interior design, for example, do not understand these wider ranging printing combinations.

It is, therefore, necessary to offer them advice and here Fespa has the opportunity to promote best practice and assist training bodies in the current processes and techniques at least in all countries with associations that are its members.

Having achieved so much in a long and rewarding career do you have any burning desire to do more with your expertise?
My career is successful, certainly, but not "completed"! It is unfortunate that this word "achieve" means in French "to finish" and in English "to succeed"!

Despite the accolades I have received from Fespa or SGIA, my technical and artistic career in screen and digital printing is far from over. I am interested and involved in related areas like 3D, nanotechnology, functional interactive textiles and other developments excite me enormously. New applications are to imagine, locate and of course perfect. There are new artists, eager to help create serigraphies, new screen, and digital printing students to help develop their evolving technologies. Collaborative work with outstanding technicians like Bhargav Mistry in India or you, Graeme, in Britain! (I didn’t pay Michel to say that or include it, GRL)

I have had such a full and interesting career in and alongside Fespa that some day we should get more of its history documented.

I think of Fespa as a friendly community within which we can learn and meet our peers. I choose the spirit of abundance over the spirit of scarcity and have found many rewards from that approach. When did printers say that they haven’t got time to be a part of their industry association what comment would you offer?
From the beginning, when we founded Fespa in 1962 there were 8 national associations, we considered that a big family.

Over time, and as in all families, there were extraordinary moments but also problems and even conflicts. Fespa, thanks to its Board and its team, always overcame them. And we must not forget that Fespa originally was an individual, where it was, his Board, and his Council, but also his staff that until 1988 was ... one person: his or her Secretary.

In Europe, national associations had more members than now, perhaps because the sense of the collective was more developed. Individualism came later and the development of the internet made some feel that all their answers lay online! Looking at how many societies have changed, in any given location people can be seen enveloped in their smartphone ecosystem where they need to be in contact with the whole world ... but they don’t always communicate with those in the same room, this cannot release the power of face to face communication and relationship building that has presented such a stimulating space in our community.

If printers look outside their busy and immediate day to day concerns and find the time to participate in their national association events all manner of benefits arise.

The challenge for the Presidents and Secretaries of each of our associations is to continually push for new event and workshop ideas to encourage the printers and the wider community to sign up as members.

A major responsibility of Fespa is therefore to support partnership with them and to find solutions within a network that is so culturally diverse. It is also important that Fespa offers each association, attractively presented and technically useful products. Once the ideas are developed then, of course, Fespa can offer financial support through the projects committee. Money ok, but mostly ideas and the motivation to succeed.

The wonderfully friendly and cooperative spirit that we see in the Fespa General Assemblies must be maintained throughout the year.

You have travelled around the world and left your mark in many countries, where would you like to go next?
It's a funny question! I like a lot of countries, the Scandinavian countries, Japan, Brazil, Northern Italy, New York (which is not really the USA), France that finally I probably do not know enough. The last General Assembly in Bulgaria was great and the journey to Koprivshtitsa on the former King’s steam train was a real pleasure. Then Las Vegas – I’m no fan of this Adult Disneyland, however with the SGIA and the Academy of Screen and Digital Printing Technologies we got to meet up with our peers from the US and around the world. I'm always ready to go anywhere in the world if someone needs me: I like to share with everyone, even with our historical foes whose stations and squares are named after French lost battles! (I think Michel may be referring to Trafalgar Square and Waterloo Station, but I’ll leave is in the past, GRL)

How do you like to spend your vacations?
Our holidays - the first in over two years for Thérèse and I will be two weeks in Norway on the island of old friends with whom we share similar taste in art, the passion of screen printing and the history of ancient civilizations.

Have you got any questions for me?
No question for you Graeme, but I do have a request. It is really pleasing that Fespa has a printer within the Secretariat. Make sure you remember where you’re from, work with passion to continue to expand the technical knowledge and never give up on ideas even the most challenging ones. In this, I am counting on you.

(First published on fespa.com. Headline changed)